public static is very similar to class constant. I don't think you will be able to change either during runtime.
To use a different database, you may override getDbConnection() in your active record class.
When using public static it was able to change it at runtime.
Not possible using CONST.
I try your suggestion with some of my active record classes.
Anyway, I started using SqlMap creating a set of xml files for each existing year.
For some simple stuff I'll keep using ActiveRecords, while with other I'll use SqlMap.
Thanks!